- I ... buy a new car.   am going to

- I ... him since 1990   have known

- I ... sing, but I can play the guitar.   can't

- I ... to the USA in my life.   have never been

- I ....... come to the conclusion that nowadays nobody cares about anything.   have

- I ____ an apple yesterday night   ate

- I ____ living here ____ 15 years.   have been / for

- I ____ your plan. I think we should do it my way.   Don't agree with

- I _____ a single room for three _____.   would like / nights

- I _____ been to that place _____ at least three years.   haven't / for

- I _____ for your call for ages, where have you been?!   have been waiting

- I _____ in London when I got divorced.   settled

- I ______ chatting too much so I didn't notice the time   was

- I ______ working in this office ______ two years.   have been / for

- I _________ studied physics if the teacher __________ interesting.   Wouldn't have / hadn't been.

- I _____________ not to mention it.   Was told.

- I always do my ....   Best.

- I am _______ my driving test this afternoon, and I'm extremely anxious about it!   taking

- I am accustomed ... hot water   to

- I am accustomed ____ hot water.   to

- I am going ____ my ____.   to / parents'

- I am no _____ working for that company   longer

- I am really tired __________ punk music!   of

- I am trying to convince my mother _________ me a motorbike.   to buy

- I asked the hotel receptionist for some ____ about the city.   information

- I asked the hotel receptionist for some ____ about the city.   Information

- I can't find my keys. I've looked ____ for them.   Everywhere

- I didn't expect the project to be a ...................... , but I never imagined this level of complexity.   piece of cake

- I didn't have any breakfast this morning. I'm ___________ and I would do anything for a sandwich right now.   starving

- I didn't need help. I did it ........ my own.   On

- I do ________ development and research in my new job at Oxford University.   a lot of

- I do hope she's .... time!   On.

- I don't drink _____ you do   as much as

- I don't know how she could go ___________ such hard times. She is tough.   through

- I don't like borrowing money, I hate being in ____.   debt

- I don't live with ... parents anymore   my

- I don't live with _____ parents anymore.   my

- I don't mind .... to the cinema.   Going.

- I don't remember ... the front door when I left home this morning.   locking

- I don't suppose I could have a glass of water, ....?   Could I.

- I don't think that's going to be ....... .   hard

- I don't think you should complain about your salary. You earn as _____ as I do. It is the standard in our position.   much

- I don't work in this sector and .... does she!   Neither.

- I enjoy reading in my ____ time.   spare

- I feel much better today. Yesterday I ____ terrible.   felt

- I forgot my keys, so I __________ break the window and climb _____________ .   Had to / through it.

- I go to the gym _____ Mondays   on

- I got up late and I ... the train   missed

- I got up late and I ______ the train.   missed

- I had a ______ problem with evaluation when I first took up teaching. We all find it difficult at the beginning.   similar

- I had a cup of tea and went straight ____ bed.   to

- I had been _____________ what to cook for dinner when the telephone _______________.   Wondering / rang.

- I had to deny ________ ________ request.   Him / his.

- I have ____ ____ tell you.   something / to

- I have ____ received the catalogue I ____.   finally / ordered

- I have been .... tennis since 10 o'clock!   Playing.

- I have been gaining weight lately and I am unhappy about it. It's high time I __________ on a diet!   went

- I have been looking for those documents, but I haven't found them ____   yet

- I have lived in Frankfurt ... I left Italy three years ago.   since

- I have lived in Frankfurt ______ I left Italy three years ago.   since

- I have lived in Worcester .... ten years.   For.

- I have never ... her before.   seen

- I have never.... the Andes.   Visited.

- I have to ________ the meeting until Wednesday.   put off

- I have worked here .... 1990.   Since.

- I haven't eaten paella___I was in Barcelona four years ago   Since

- I haven't got _____ time   much

- I haven't had time to speak to Nick ....   Today.

- I haven't heard the news .... .   Today.

- I haven't seen him ....1989.   Since.

- I honestly think that the time ....... come when we should celebrate our success.   has

- I honestly think that the time _________ come when we should celebrate our success.   has

- I hope nothing has happened to them. They ____________have been here hours ago.   should

- I hope you enjoyed today's tasks ________ I did.   as much as

- I knew you .... show up!   Wouldn't.

- I know I made a mistake, but you don't have to rub it in.   Lo so che ho sbagliato, ma tu non farla lunga.

- I know where my bag is, but I don't know where _____ .   Yours is.

- I like dogs _____ cats: they are friendlier and much cuter.   better than

- I look forward __________ from you.   to hearing

- I look forward to____________ from you shortly and I thank you in advance.   hearing

- I love classical music and ........ does she.   So

- I love playing tennis, but I also play basketball quite ... .   well

- I managed to put the fire out ... a fire extinguisher   with

- I managed to put the fire out ______ a fire extinguisher.   with

- I managed to put the fire out ______ a fire extinguisher.   with

- I met her ____ the stairs as I was going down to lunch.   on

- I must admit that whenever I've eaten at that restaurant, I've always come away feeling ....... satisfied.   completely

- I need ... some emails.   to send

- I need to ... my clothes before going out. They're all wet!   dry

- I never expected him to let us down that way.   Non mi sarei mai aspettato che ci deludesse così.

- I never have ... in the morning   breakfast

- I never have _____ in the morning   breakfast

- I never work .... Sundays.   On.

- I now prefer working from home _______ I do not have to commute.   so that

- I only ... in London for three months   lived

- I only _______ in London for three months   lived

- I promised my mum I would ... the grass in the garden before going out.   cut

- I read The Paris Apartment, this year's highly anticipated Lucy Foley novel, and thoroughly enjoyed it. The book had many surprises and was full of suspense. I kept on turning the pages. It is the third Lucy Foley book I've read and it's the best. A psychological thriller, set against the Paris troubles in 2019, it tells the story of Jess Daniels. Daniels was invited to France by her brother, but when she arrived at 12 Rue des Amants, he wasn't there. (Adapted from Amazon.co.uk)
 
Jess Daniels   went to Paris to see her brother

- I really hope she will help me and will not let me __________.   down

- I really regretted my mistake. It was one that I ___ .   Ought not to have made

- I regret .... my job.   Leaving

- I regret .....my job.   Leaving

- I saw him ... the road and ... the shop   cross - enter

- I saw him _____ the road and _____ the shop   cross - enter

- I spoke slowly .... she could understand me.   So that.

- I telephoned my husband before ____ the hotel.   leaving

- I think it _____ rain _____.   will / tomorrow

- I thought it was a waste of time ________________ that film.   Seeing.

- I thought there was a ... of jealousy in his reaction to my good fortune.   touch

- I told the children......... go to bed too late.   Not to

- I tried to come, but I couldn't make it.   Ho provato a venire, ma non ce l'lo fatta

- I understand you are angry, but it's no use___________ to me!   complaining

- I urge a reply so they promise they ... back to me soon.   will write

- I usually enjoy .... to training courses.   Going.

- I walked ___ the park yesterday.   Through

- I want .... to the store.   You to go.

- I want to keep in ______, so I eat healthy food and go jogging every day.   shape

- I was alone there ___________ Martha arrived.   until

- I was born in Italy, but I've lived in England for _______ long that it feels like home now.   so

- I was coming out of the room I collided ... somebody who was coming in   with

- I was coming out of the room I collided ______ somebody who was coming in   with

- I was leaving the house when Tom ....   Showed up.

- I was so tired of all the competitions and all the training that I just ______ athletics.   dropped

- I went to the library to _________ a book.   Borrow.

- I went to the meeting _________ foot.   On

- I went to the meeting _________ foot.   On

- I wish I .... her before!   Had met.

- I wish I____________ more time to study.   had

- I wish it .... rain so much in this place!   Didn't.

- I wish it .... rain!   Would.

- I wish it .... rain!   Would.

- I wish it .... snow!   Would.

- I wish she .... married me then.   Had.

- I wish she .... speak so much!   Didn't.

- I wonder if you ........ Tom for a moment, please.   Could help

- I wonder if you .........Tom for a moment, please.   Could help

- I won't wait ... him a minute more   for

- I would like to get excellent marks _____ Economics.   in

- I would like to see Lucy again. It is a long time ... ... ...   since I saw her

- I would never follow a vegan diet, ... it may be.   however tasty

- I__________________ changed job, if my wage__________________ low.   Wouldn't have / hadn't been

- I___my cousin three weeks ago   saw

- Ian speaks much .... than Roger.   Better.

- I'd go if I .... you!   Were.

- I'd rather you_____call me at night, please.   Didn't.

- If .... , I would understand you much better.   You spoke up.

- If he knows the answer, he ____________ it.   Will repeat.

- If I ..... I'd tell you right now.   Knew.

- If I ........ French, I'd look for a job in Paris.   Spoke

- If I ______ a phone , I could phone for help   had

- If I ______________ to university, I ___________ the possibility to work in this field.   Hadn't gone / wouldn't have had.

- If I became a Member of Parliament at the next general elections, I ________ put a lot of money into education.   would

- If it rains tomorrow, we to play tennis.   Won't be able

- If she caught the 7:30 flight, she ....   Would arrive on time.

- If the plane ____ late, we will ____ wait at the airport.   is / have to

- If this rain .... soon, we'll run around and go back home.   Doesn't stop.

- If we _____ hard our boss _____ very happy.   work / will be

- If you are ______ which career choice to make, ask your teachers for advice.   unsure of

- If you are not in the sun, you are ....   In the shade.

- If you are thinking ________ abroad for a while, you might have to learn a second language.   of studying

- If you are worried about your ____, you should see a doctor.   health

- If you buy shares you become ....   A stockholder.

- If you don't hurry, we'll never ____ the bus.   catch

- If you don't write down the date and time of the message, ....   Tom will never know.

- If you had been there, we_____________ a good time.   Would have had.

- If you have a sedentary job, experts advise that you __________ stand, move and take breaks for at least two out of every eight hours.   should

- If you like meeting people, what kind of a person are you?   out-going

- If you make a mistake when you are writing, just ... it out with your pen.   cross

- If you want to _______ time and money, you can shop online.   save

- If you were a disadvantaged child today in an Australian school, chances are high that a majority of the other children in your school would also be disadvantaged. Your school might need more resources to have special education experts; it probably would not have qualified mathematics and science teachers. There is extensive evidence that money matters in education, especially for disadvantaged students. For example, Nobel prize-winning economist David Card has established a causal relationship between education expenditure and student achievement. Furthermore, a recent analysis found positive impacts from increased school funding on student outcomes. (The Guardian, Feb. 22 2022; adapted)
 
There is extensive evidence that   school funding improves students' achievements

- If you're not careful you'll find that because of your generous nature, she'll start taking ....... of you.   advantage

- Il termine "learn" significa:   imparare

- I'll .... have to go to Madrid next month for a meeting.   Probably.

- I'll finish now and I look forward to ....... you again soon.   seeing

- I'll finish now and I look forward to _______ you again soon.   seeing

- I'm afraid we can't comment ____________ the court's decision at this time.   On

- I'm checking the translation. I've found three spelling mistakes ....   So far.

- I'm going to have to ... different plans for tomorrow.   make

- I'm really ____ on holiday this year.   looking forward to going

- I'm really quite lost. __________ you __________ showing me how to get out of here?   Would / mind.

- I'm really worried ___________ you. You don't seem to care __________ anything anymore.   About / about

- I'm responsible .... with complaints.   For dealing.

- I'm sick and tired of this affair.   Sono stufo di questo affare.

- I'm so happy. My sister-in-law is______________a baby.   expecting

- I'm sorry but I'm really terrible at ___________ phone numbers!   remembering

- I'm sorry but Mr Bern ____ away ____.   went / a minute ago

- I'm sorry, I _______________________ . I _______________________ about Jim.   Wasn't concentrating / was thinking.

- I'm starting a ....... of swimming lessons.   course

- I'm starting a ________ of swimming lessons.   course

- I'm terribly sorry that I shouted at him. Can I invite you all to dinner to make _____ for it?   up

- I'm tired of working so hard for so ______ money. I need to find a new job.   little

- I'm trying to cut ______ on the amount of coffee I drink.   down

- I'm used to _____ yoga every day from 6 to 7 a.m.   doing

- I'm very sorry. I must have .... I'll add it up again.   Made a mistake.

- I'm working on two jobs to ___________ some ___________ money.   Earn / extra

- Imparare a guidare è tanto difficile quanto imparare ad andare in bicicletta.   Learning to drive is as hard as learning to ride a bike

- In 1830 baron Bettino Ricasoli, the father of Chianti wine, (1) _____________ to industrialize agriculture in order to increase the rate of productivity. Since then many years have gone by giving way to several important social changes which have transformed the Chianti area and economic crises that have alternated with sudden increases in productivity. Let's start (2) _____________ the beginning: in the 19th century the Chianti landscape was dotted with a few villages and big farmhouses where the noble families (3) _______________ enjoy their holidays. Agriculture was still bound to archaic systems of cultivation. Unlike all other crops that grew here and there and were directly taken by farmers for personal use, wine was sold and exported. The cultivation system on terraces was very complicated but it spurred farmers to (4) __________ higher rates of productivity. More and more land was then brought under crops, new country-houses mushroomed everywhere, special vines were selected and all estates were re-organized according to capitalist principles. This progress (5) __________ place without the marvellous, natural landscape being damaged. ('Chianti' Latest Color Guide- by Carlo Grassetti, 1999). Which of the given alternatives correctly fills in the gap (5)?   Took.

- In 1830 baron Bettino Ricasoli, the father of Chianti wine, (1) _____________ to industrialize agriculture in order to increase the rate of productivity. Since then many years have gone by giving way to several important social changes which have transformed the Chianti area and economic crises that have alternated with sudden increases in productivity. Let's start (2) _____________ the beginning: in the 19th century the Chianti landscape was dotted with a few villages and big farmhouses where the noble families (3) _______________ enjoy their holidays. Agriculture was still bound to archaic systems of cultivation. Unlike all other crops that grew here and there and were directly taken by farmers for personal use, wine was sold and exported. The cultivation system on terraces was very complicated but it spurred farmers to (4) __________ higher rates of productivity. More and more land was then brought under crops, new country-houses mushroomed everywhere, special vines were selected and all estates were re-organized according to capitalist principles. This progress (5) __________ place without the marvellous, natural landscape being damaged. ('Chianti' Latest Color Guide- by Carlo Grassetti, 1999). Which of the given alternatives correctly fills in the gap (2)?   From.

- In 1830 baron Bettino Ricasoli, the father of Chianti wine, (1) _____________ to industrialize agriculture in order to increase the rate of productivity. Since then many years have gone by giving way to several important social changes which have transformed the Chianti area and economic crises that have alternated with sudden increases in productivity. Let's start (2) _____________ the beginning: in the 19th century the Chianti landscape was dotted with a few villages and big farmhouses where the noble families (3) _______________ enjoy their holidays. Agriculture was still bound to archaic systems of cultivation. Unlike all other crops that grew here and there and were directly taken by farmers for personal use, wine was sold and exported. The cultivation system on terraces was very complicated but it spurred farmers to (4) __________ higher rates of productivity. More and more land was then brought under crops, new country-houses mushroomed everywhere, special vines were selected and all estates were re-organized according to capitalist principles. This progress (5) __________ place without the marvellous, natural landscape being damaged. ('Chianti' Latest Color Guide- by Carlo Grassetti, 1999). Which of the given alternatives correctly fills in the gap (1)?   Decided.

- In 1830 baron Bettino Ricasoli, the father of Chianti wine, (1) _____________ to industrialize agriculture in order to increase the rate of productivity. Since then many years have gone by giving way to several important social changes which have transformed the Chianti area and economic crises that have alternated with sudden increases in productivity. Let's start (2) _____________ the beginning: in the 19th century the Chianti landscape was dotted with a few villages and big farmhouses where the noble families (3) _______________ enjoy their holidays. Agriculture was still bound to archaic systems of cultivation. Unlike all other crops that grew here and there and were directly taken by farmers for personal use, wine was sold and exported. The cultivation system on terraces was very complicated but it spurred farmers to (4) __________ higher rates of productivity. More and more land was then brought under crops, new country-houses mushroomed everywhere, special vines were selected and all estates were re-organized according to capitalist principles. This progress (5) __________ place without the marvellous, natural landscape being damaged. ('Chianti' Latest Color Guide- by Carlo Grassetti, 1999). Which of the given alternatives correctly fills in the gap (4)?   Reach.

- In 1830 baron Bettino Ricasoli, the father of Chianti wine, (1) _____________ to industrialize agriculture in order to increase the rate of productivity. Since then many years have gone by giving way to several important social changes which have transformed the Chianti area and economic crises that have alternated with sudden increases in productivity. Let's start (2) _____________ the beginning: in the 19th century the Chianti landscape was dotted with a few villages and big farmhouses where the noble families (3) _______________ enjoy their holidays. Agriculture was still bound to archaic systems of cultivation. Unlike all other crops that grew here and there and were directly taken by farmers for personal use, wine was sold and exported. The cultivation system on terraces was very complicated but it spurred farmers to (4) __________ higher rates of productivity. More and more land was then brought under crops, new country-houses mushroomed everywhere, special vines were selected and all estates were re-organized according to capitalist principles. This progress (5) __________ place without the marvellous, natural landscape being damaged. ('Chianti' Latest Color Guide- by Carlo Grassetti, 1999). Which of the given alternatives correctly fills in the gap (3)?   Used to.

- In 1907 Alice ... to New York where she started her own film company.   moved

- In 1989 the Berlin wall ____ down.   came

- In 1999 Jack Straw, then Britain's home secretary, was attacked for being rude about an ethnic minority. There were demands for criminal investigations, appeals to various commissions and public agencies, a fevered debate over whether Mr Straw was racist. On that occasion, he was accused of demeaning gypsies by saying that people who masqueraded as travellers seemed to think they had a right to commit crimes. In the past few weeks Mr. Straw, now leader of the House of Commons, has triggered a similar response by arguing that the Muslim veil (i.e., the full, face-covering niqab) is an unhelpful symbol of separateness. This week he won the backing of his boss, Tony Blair. These episodes are reminders not that Mr. Straw is hostile to minorities (he isn't) but that any debate in Europe about minority rights soon degenerates into a fight between self-proclaimed community leaders, public agencies, the police, courts and the law. It may be hard to reconcile militant Islam with secular Europe. If you "back someone" you.....   Support them.

- In 1999 Jack Straw, then Britain's home secretary, was attacked for being rude about an ethnic minority. There were demands for criminal investigations, appeals to various commissions and public agencies, a fevered debate over whether Mr Straw was racist. On that occasion, he was accused of demeaning gypsies by saying that people who masqueraded as travellers seemed to think they had a right to commit crimes. In the past few weeks Mr. Straw, now leader of the House of Commons, has triggered a similar response by arguing that the Muslim veil (i.e., the full, face-covering niqab) is an unhelpful symbol of separateness. This week he won the backing of his boss, Tony Blair. These episodes are reminders not that Mr. Straw is hostile to minorities (he isn't) but that any debate in Europe about minority rights soon degenerates into a fight between self-proclaimed community leaders, public agencies, the police, courts and the law. It may be hard to reconcile militant Islam with secular Europe. It is understood that ........   Debates in Europe about minority rights turn into free-for-alls.

- In 1999 Jack Straw, then Britain's home secretary, was attacked for being rude about an ethnic minority. There were demands for criminal investigations, appeals to various commissions and public agencies, a fevered debate over whether Mr Straw was racist. On that occasion, he was accused of demeaning gypsies by saying that people who masqueraded as travellers seemed to think they had a right to commit crimes. In the past few weeks Mr. Straw, now leader of the House of Commons, has triggered a similar response by arguing that the Muslim veil (i.e., the full, face-covering niqab) is an unhelpful symbol of separateness. This week he won the backing of his boss, Tony Blair. These episodes are reminders not that Mr. Straw is hostile to minorities (he isn't) but that any debate in Europe about minority rights soon degenerates into a fight between self-proclaimed community leaders, public agencies, the police, courts and the law. It may be hard to reconcile militant Islam with secular Europe. The word "demeaning" means ....   Lowering the dignity.

- In 1999 Jack Straw, then Britain's home secretary, was attacked for being rude about an ethnic minority. There were demands for criminal investigations, appeals to various commissions and public agencies, a fevered debate over whether Mr Straw was racist. On that occasion, he was accused of demeaning gypsies by saying that people who masqueraded as travellers seemed to think they had a right to commit crimes. In the past few weeks Mr. Straw, now leader of the House of Commons, has triggered a similar response by arguing that the Muslim veil (i.e., the full, face-covering niqab) is an unhelpful symbol of separateness. This week he won the backing of his boss, Tony Blair. These episodes are reminders not that Mr. Straw is hostile to minorities (he isn't) but that any debate in Europe about minority rights soon degenerates into a fight between self-proclaimed community leaders, public agencies, the police, courts and the law. It may be hard to reconcile militant Islam with secular Europe. If you "masquerade" you ....   Assume a false appearance.

- In 1999 Jack Straw, then Britain's home secretary, was attacked for being rude about an ethnic minority. There were demands for criminal investigations, appeals to various commissions and public agencies, a fevered debate over whether Mr Straw was racist. On that occasion, he was accused of demeaning gypsies by saying that people who masqueraded as travellers seemed to think they had a right to commit crimes. In the past few weeks Mr. Straw, now leader of the House of Commons, has triggered a similar response by arguing that the Muslim veil (i.e., the full, face-covering niqab) is an unhelpful symbol of separateness. This week he won the backing of his boss, Tony Blair. These episodes are reminders not that Mr. Straw is hostile to minorities (he isn't) but that any debate in Europe about minority rights soon degenerates into a fight between self-proclaimed community leaders, public agencies, the police, courts and the law. It may be hard to reconcile militant Islam with secular Europe. To "trigger a response" is to....   Initiate a response.

- In 2016, Joshua Coombes quit his job at a hairdressing salon to spend all his time offering free haircuts to poor people living on the street. He started posting before- and-after pictures of his "clients" on his Instagram profile, together with their stories. This inspired many others to think what they could do to help, for example, by making free meals for those who needed them. The publicity that Coombes received led to invitations to talk in schools and companies, and now he carries out his activity on the street thanks to the speaking fees he gets. (Adapted from The Guardian Aug 1, 2021)
 
Joshua Coombes   encouraged others to help the poor thanks to his example

- In 2016, Joshua Coombes quit his job at a hairdressing salon to spend all his time offering free haircuts to poor people living on the street. He started posting before- and-after pictures of his "clients" on his Instagram profile, along with their stories. This inspired many other people to think what they could do to help. The publicity that Coombes received led to invitations to talk in schools and companies, and now he carries out his activity on the street thanks to the speaking fees he gets. (Adapted from The Guardian Aug 1, 2021)
 
In this context, "publicity" means   popular attention

- In 2020, due to the pandemic, Lowell High School in San Francisco temporarily suspended its high admissions standards and introduced a lottery-like system. In February 2021, the system became permanent, but this led to strong protests. The situation at Lowell is challenging considering its vast majority of white and Asian American students and the limited number of Black and Latin American students. Defenders of selective admissions are aware of some discrimination but argue that the new system could be unfair, since students unable to handle the work might be accepted instead of poor yet brilliant students. (Adapted from The New Yorker March 7, 2022)
 
The problem with Lowell High School is   admission criteria that cause racial inequality

- In 2020, due to the pandemic, Lowell High School in San Francisco temporarily suspended its high admissions standards and introduced a randomised, lottery- like system. In February 2021, the system became permanent, but this led to strong protests. For example, defenders of selective admissions argue that the new system could be unfair, since people unable to handle the work might be accepted instead of poor yet brilliant students. (Adapted from The New Yorker March 7, 2022)
 
In this context, "handle the work" means   manage their homework

- in content In recent years, the Erasmus programme has been seen to be even more valuable in helping young generations develop both their self-confidence and their problem- solving skills. When abroad, students not only have to study while adapting to a different educational system, but they also need to be flexible as they are living in a very different context compared to their own countries. Still, this project has been successful precisely because it creates opportunities for growth and personal development. (Adapted from BBC news Feb 02, 2022)
 
In this context "adapting" means   changing your behaviour so that it is suitable for a new situation

- In his recently published book, the author _____ on life in the 50's.   focuses

- In Kongthong, an Indian village in the state of Meghalaya, at birth babies are traditionally not only given a name, but also a melody and a tune. The name is used for official purposes, while the melody becomes part of someone's identity and is used to call people across the fields and in forests; the shorter tune is used as a nickname in everyday informal situations. Since the tune sounds like a whistle, Kongthong village is also known as the "Whistling Village". The melody is also believed to protect from evil spirits. (Adapted from www.bbc.com )
 
In this context "whistle" means   a musical sound

- In Kongthong, an Indian village in the state of Meghalaya, at birth babies are traditionally not only given a name, but also a melody and a tune. The name is used for official purposes, while the melody becomes part of someone's identity and is used to call people across the fields and in forests; the shorter tune is used as a nickname in everyday informal situations. Since the tune sounds like a whistle, Kongthong village is also known as the "Whistling Village". The melody is also believed to protect from evil spirits. (Adapted from https://www.bbc.com/travel/, 24th Nov 2021)
 
In Kongthong village, people   have a name, a melody and a tune

- In order to buy her house she had to apply for a large _______________ from her bank.   loan

- In order to overcome the great difficulties in accessing distance education that emerged in Africa during the Covid-19 pandemic, a project has recently been launched with the support of Huawei, UNESCO and local government departments to develop distance learning skills in education for Egypt, Ethiopia and Ghana. The technology-based project will involve a number of training measures on ICT skills and the use of digital platforms for both teachers and students across different school levels, starting from primary education. (Adapted from www.bbc.com/storyworks/future/)
 
The project aims to   train teachers and students in distance learning education

- In recent years, the Erasmus programme has been seen to be even more valuable in helping young generations develop both their self-confidence and their problem- solving skills. When abroad, students not only have to study while adjusting to a different educational system, but they also need to be flexible as they are living in a very different context compared to their own countries. Still, this project has been successful precisely because it creates opportunities for growth and personal development. (Adapted from BBC news, 2nd February, 2022)
 
In this context, "adjust" means   changing their behaviour appropriately

- In recent years, the Erasmus programme has been seen to be even more valuable in helping young generations develop both their self-confidence and their problem- solving skills. When abroad, students not only have to study while adapting to a different educational system, but they also need to be flexible as they are living in a very different context compared to their own countries. Still, this project has been successful precisely because it creates opportunities for growth and personal development. (Adapted from BBC news, Feb 2, 2022)
 
Students take part in the Erasmus programme because they   can improve their personal skills and grow as people

- In spite of all efforts, I cannot ______ the internal computer camera to work.   get

- In the 1990s a deadly virus which was breaking out in elephants was discovered and ever since it has become a nightmare for zoos all around the world. The disease most frequently spreads to young elephants and there is no effective medicine to cure it. Scientists have recently started to test a vaccine that could solve this problem. Thanks to elephants in zoos, which are used to having health checks, vets will be able to follow the development of the cure and to possibly find a treatment. (Adapted from BBC news Feb 03, 2022)
 
In this context, "deadly" means that the virus   kills elephants

- In the 1990s a deadly virus which was breaking out in elephants was discovered and since then it has become a nightmare for zoos all around the world. The disease most frequently spreads to young elephants and there is no effective medicine to cure it. Scientists have recently started to test a vaccine that could solve this problem. Thanks to elephants in zoos, which are used to having health checks, vets will be able to follow the development of the cure and to possibly find a treatment. (Adapted from BBC news Feb 03, 2022)
 
The disease   gradually affects young elephants

- In the US, shares are also known as ....   Stocks.

- In today's busy world, it is always a good idea to slow down and ______ time with your family.   spend

- In today's global market place few firms are sheltered from international competition. Most markets are very competitive. Some are extremely competitive. In a number of industries supply has grown faster than demand and, as too many firms compete for too few customers, some markets have become hyper-competitive. Hyper-competition can be fairly short-lived, but in some sectors it has become the norm. The automobile industry is a classic example. How do you cut costs by 20%, improve quality and increase output all at once? It's a pretty tough question, but one that carmakers and their suppliers have had to answer regularly. In view of market conditions, it is hardly surprising that the automotive sector has become so competitive. In recent years, productivity has increased very quickly, but demand has grown quite slowly. This has resulted in over-capacity. The problem has been worsened by slow growth in markets. Several car manufacturers have invested in new plants to meet growing demand abroad. But many vehicle markets have proved rather slow in developing. Early forecasts, it appears, were a little optimistic. Several new plants have been set up.....   To respond to demand overseas.

- In today's global market place few firms are sheltered from international competition. Most markets are very competitive. Some are extremely competitive. In a number of industries supply has grown faster than demand and, as too many firms compete for too few customers, some markets have become hyper-competitive. Hyper-competition can be fairly short-lived, but in some sectors it has become the norm. The automobile industry is a classic example. How do you cut costs by 20%, improve quality and increase output all at once? It's a pretty tough question, but one that carmakers and their suppliers have had to answer regularly. In view of market conditions, it is hardly surprising that the automotive sector has become so competitive. In recent years, productivity has increased very quickly, but demand has grown quite slowly. This has resulted in over-capacity. The problem has been worsened by slow growth in markets. Several car manufacturers have invested in new plants to meet growing demand abroad. But many vehicle markets have proved rather slow in developing. Early forecasts, it appears, were a little optimistic. Hyper-competition can sometimes be....   Transient.

- In today's global market place few firms are sheltered from international competition. Most markets are very competitive. Some are extremely competitive. In a number of industries supply has grown faster than demand and, as too many firms compete for too few customers, some markets have become hyper-competitive. Hyper-competition can be fairly short-lived, but in some sectors it has become the norm. The automobile industry is a classic example. How do you cut costs by 20%, improve quality and increase output all at once? It's a pretty tough question, but one that carmakers and their suppliers have had to answer regularly. In view of market conditions, it is hardly surprising that the automotive sector has become so competitive. In recent years, productivity has increased very quickly, but demand has grown quite slowly. This has resulted in over-capacity. The problem has been worsened by slow growth in markets. Several car manufacturers have invested in new plants to meet growing demand abroad. But many vehicle markets have proved rather slow in developing. Early forecasts, it appears, were a little optimistic. A 'tough question' is a.......   Difficult one.

- In today's global market place few firms are sheltered from international competition. Most markets are very competitive. Some are extremely competitive. In a number of industries supply has grown faster than demand and, as too many firms compete for too few customers, some markets have become hyper-competitive. Hyper-competition can be fairly short-lived, but in some sectors it has become the norm. The automobile industry is a classic example. How do you cut costs by 20%, improve quality and increase output all at once? It's a pretty tough question, but one that carmakers and their suppliers have had to answer regularly. In view of market conditions, it is hardly surprising that the automotive sector has become so competitive. In recent years, productivity has increased very quickly, but demand has grown quite slowly. This has resulted in over-capacity. The problem has been worsened by slow growth in markets. Several car manufacturers have invested in new plants to meet growing demand abroad. But many vehicle markets have proved rather slow in developing. Early forecasts, it appears, were a little optimistic. The phrase "few firms are sheltered" means......   Not many companies are protected.

- In today's global market place few firms are sheltered from international competition. Most markets are very competitive. Some are extremely competitive. In a number of industries supply has grown faster than demand and, as too many firms compete for too few customers, some markets have become hyper-competitive. Hyper-competition can be fairly short-lived, but in some sectors it has become the norm. The automobile industry is a classic example. How do you cut costs by 20%, improve quality and increase output all at once? It's a pretty tough question, but one that carmakers and their suppliers have had to answer regularly. In view of market conditions, it is hardly surprising that the automotive sector has become so competitive. In recent years, productivity has increased very quickly, but demand has grown quite slowly. This has resulted in over-capacity. The problem has been worsened by slow growth in markets. Several car manufacturers have invested in new plants to meet growing demand abroad. But many vehicle markets have proved rather slow in developing. Early forecasts, it appears, were a little optimistic. Productivity has recently....   Soared.

- In which case the use of "to be due" isn't correct?   What job are your parents due?

- In which sentence, among the given options, must you replace the ellipsis with "to"?   We ought .... water the plants.

- Indicare la corretta traduzione, tra le alternative proposte, del seguente dialogo. A: "Excuse me, sir, where is the Cinema?" B: "It is on the right side of the street, after the bridge"   A: "Mi scusi, signore, dov'è il cinema?" B: "È sul lato destro della strada, dopo il ponte"

- Indicare la corretta traduzione, tra le alternative proposte, del seguente dialogo. A: "Excuse me, sir, where is the subway station?" B: "Turn to the left at the crossroads and you will find it"   A: "Mi scusi, signore, dov'è la stazione della metropolitana?" B: "Giri a sinistra all'incrocio e la troverà"

- Indicare la corretta traduzione, tra le alternative proposte, del seguente dialogo.
A: Excuse me sir, where is the ticket office?
B: It's over there, next to the newsagent's.   A: Mi scusi signore, dov'è la biglietteria? - B: È laggiù, di fianco all'edicola

- Indicare la corretta traduzione, tra le alternative proposte, del seguente dialogo.
A: Hurry up or we'll miss the train!
B: Don't worry, we aren't late!   A: Sbrigati o perderemo il treno! - B: Non preoccuparti, non siamo in ritardo!

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase tratta dal sito della Commissione europea. "The European Commission is divided into departments that develop policies for specific areas. Each department is headed by Commissioners."   La Commissione europea è divisa in dipartimenti che sviluppano politiche relative a specifiche aree. Ogni dipartimento è guidato dai commissari

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase tratta dal sito della FAO. "The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger and improve nutrition and food security."   L'Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura è un'agenzia specializzata delle Nazioni Unite che guida gli sforzi internazionali per sconfiggere la fame e migliorare la nutrizione e la sicurezza alimentare

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase tratta dal sito della Regione Lombardia. "Lombardy is the seat of the Italian Stock Exchange, one of the most important European financial centres, and accommodates the largest trade fair site in southern Europe."   La Lombardia è sede della Borsa Italiana, uno dei centri finanziari più importanti in Europa e ospita il sito fieristico più grande dell'Europa meridionale

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase tratta dal sito dell'UNHCR. "UNHCR is a global organization dedicated to saving lives, protecting rights and building a better future for refugees."   L'UNHCR è un'organizzazione internazionale impegnata nel soccorso, nella difesa dei diritti e nella costruzione di un futuro migliore per i rifugiati

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase. "A bicycle-sharing system, is a transport service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals on a short term basis for a price or free."   Un sistema di bike-sharing è un servizio di trasporto in cui le biciclette sono messe a disposizione delle singole persone per l'uso condiviso, per un tempo limitato, a pagamento o gratuitamente

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase. "A carpool is an arrangement where a group of people take turns driving each other to work, or driving each other's children to school."   Il carpooling è una soluzione in cui, in un gruppo di persone, a turno, ognuno accompagna gli altri a lavoro, o i figli degli altri a scuola

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase. "Teleworking is the activity of working at home, while communicating with the office by phone or email, or using the internet."   Il telelavoro è l'attività lavorativa che si svolge a casa, comunicando con l'ufficio attraverso il telefono o l'e-mail, o utilizzando internet

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase. "The infrastructure of a country consists of the basic facilities such as transport, communications, power supplies, and buildings, which enable it to function."   Le infrastrutture di una nazione consistono nei servizi essenziali come i trasporti, le comunicazioni, le forniture di elettricità e gli edifici che ne permettono il funzionamento

- Indicare quale alternativa fornisce la corretta traduzione della seguente frase. "The sharing economy is an economic system based on people sharing possessions and services, either for free or for payment, usually using the internet to organize this."   L'economia della condivisione è un sistema economico che si basa su persone che condividono beni o servizi, gratuitamente o a pagamento, di solito utilizzando internet per l'organizzazione

- Individuare la corretta traduzione della frase: "We set up the tent where the ground looked flat".   Abbiamo sistemato la tenda dove il terreno sembrava piano

- Individuare la corretta traduzione della frase: "What work needs to be done to improve public relations?"   Che cosa bisogna fare per migliorare le relazioni pubbliche?

- Influencers are people who have built an enormous reputation for their expertise on a specific topic, and who post a lot of information about that topic on their many social media channels. This is why enthusiastic followers pay close attention to what influencers say and do. Brands love social media influencers because they can create trends and encourage their followers to buy products they promote. (Adapted from Influencer and Marketing Hub)
 
"expertise" in this context means   knowledge

- Insert the right preposition. "Fiona is very different her sister".   from

- Is there _____ I can do to help?   anything

- Is there _____ milk left?   any

- Is there a car park _____ here?   near

- Is there a car park near here? Yes, _____ opposite that shop   there is one

- Is there a swimming pool near here? Yes, _____   there is

- Is this documentary_________ interesting as that one?   as

- Is this Tom's car? _____   No, it isn't

- Is this your pencil? No, it's ______ , not mine   hers

- It can be a good idea for people who lead an active life to increase their ... of vitamins.   intake

- It can be dangerous when the children play ... the street   in

- It can be dangerous when the children play _____ the street.   in

- It didn't take long for the children to ... off the cakes and pastries that had not been eaten at the party.   finish

- It didn't take long for the children to _______ off the cakes and pastries that had not been eaten at the party.   finish

- It doesn't really ....... now. I just wanted to say how beautiful the bells sounded.   matter

- It has been 5 years .......... Philippe left for Africa.   Since

- It has been 5 years ...........Philippe left for Africa.   Since

- It has long been known that the language regions in our brains, such as Broca's and Wernicke's area, are responsible for interpreting written words. However, neuroscientists have recently discovered that reading stories can stimulate parts of the brain dealing with smells when processing words like "perfume", or with movement when processing words like "kick". It seems, therefore, that our brain does not distinguish between reading about an event and experiencing it in real life. In the same way, interactions among fictional characters are perceived as actual social encounters. (Adapted from The New York Times Mar 17, 2012)
 
When reading stories, our brains   regard narratives as events that are really happening

- It is important _____   to study

- It is very late, I am afraid we _____ now   must go

- It isn't ______! It's ______.   hers / mine

- It might be tempting to soften historical atrocities in the name of making them more easily digestible for children but that slows down our ability to understand and learn from our history. As Vietnamese American refugee Viet Thanh Nguyen recently told me, "We have to try to make our nation confront what it doesn't want to remember." Yet, local schools in the US are still excluding controversial books from their reading lists (Adapted from The Wasington Post, 8 Feb 2022)
 
"slows down" in this context means   limits

- It might be tempting to soften historical atrocities in the name of making them more easily digestible for children. This is what historical fiction author Gwen Katz calls "pajamafication". But that limits our ability to understand and learn from our history. As Pulitzer-Prize-winning author and Vietnamese American refugee Viet Thanh Nguyen recently told me, "We have to try to make our nation confront what it doesn't want to remember." Yet, local schools in the US are still banning controversial books from their reading lists. (The Washington Post, Feb 8 2022; adapted)
 
Pajamafication   means mitigating the horrors of historical fiction

- It must be one of your worst nightmares to imagine being on board a plane and seeing a snake going past your seat. This is almost exactly what happened, though, on a recent AirAsia passenger plane. The vehicle was forced to divert and make an unscheduled landing after a snake was seen moving through the overhead lights. The incident, which was described as "very rare", took place last week on a flight from Kuala Lumpur to Tawau, on the eastern coast of Borneo island. (Adapted from The Bangkok Post, 14th February 2022)
 
The snake on the plane was seen   moving above passengers, on a plane travelling to Borneo island

- It took me twenty minutes to realise I _______________ in the wrong file.   Had been looking.

- It took the mountain climbers over an hour to put up their tiny _____ in the high winds.   tent

- It usually ____ a lot in winter.   rains

- It was a great party last night. You ... ... come. Why didn't you?   should have

- It was a great party last night. You ________ come. Why didn't you?   should have

- It was early evening, the sun was setting and the day was drawing to ______ .   a close

- It was not the best time to think of ________ up a new business.   opening

- It was the ______ book I have ______ read.   worst / ever

- It wasn't too bad. I was able to answer most of the questions ....   Easily.

- It won't hurt .......   will it?

- It would be better if you sent the data I need by the _____ of the day.   end

- It would have been better to avoid any discussion instead of _____ with each other.   fighting

- It would have taken a .... to solve that particular problem.   Long time.

- Italian people differ _______ other nationalities I know.   From

- Italy is certainly famous for its high-quality ice cream. Ice was used in Roman culinary art, but in the Middle Ages it was only used in Eastern cuisine. Iced delicacies were introduced at that time from the Arab world to Sicily and then mainland Italy. Marco Polo, in fact, is thought to have brought back recipes for frozen rice and milk desserts and even ice cream, on his return from China in the 13th century. "desserts" in this context means   a type of cold food

- Italy is certainly famous for its high-quality ice cream. Ice was used in Roman culinary art, but in the Middle Ages it was only used in Eastern cuisine. Iced sorbets were introduced at that time from the Arab world to Sicily and then mainland Italy. Marco Polo, in fact, is thought to have brought back recipes for frozen rice and milk desserts and even ice cream, on his return from China in the 13th century. Ice cream   may originally have been imported into Italy from the far East

- It's .... since I last .... him!   Years / saw.

- It's _______ ________ I told the news.   He / whom.

- It's 1 pm. I'd rather have lunch now ... a new presentation. I'm exhausted.   than giving

- It's about time she ....   Left.

- It's about time you .... some work!   Did.

- It's about time you made .... your mind!   Up.

- It's dark without the lights. Let's ____.   turn them on

- It's high time you .... a better job!   Found.

- It's late. It's time ... ... ... home   we go

- It's no use .... over spilt milk!   Crying.

- It's snowing, and you look freezing! How long ______ for the bus in the cold?   have you been waiting

- ITV made its long-awaited debut on digital satellite television last night after an agreement with BSkyB that followed months of negotiations. Until now ITV has been available in digital form only on cable and digital terrestrial TV. But from last night the digital version of ITV1, with its 16 regional variations, was available on Sky Digital. The ITV2 channel will follow in the next few days and will be available for the first time in the 5.5 million homes with digital satellite - an increase of more than 150 per cent on its current audience. The deal between ITV and BSkyB, in which the News Corporation, parent company of The Times, has a 36.3 per cent stake, should give an advertising revenue boost to Granada and Carlton, the two main ITV companies. Advertisers were angered by the fact that ITV was not carried on Sky Digital, the country's most popular digital platform. ITV will pay BSkyB about £13 million a year under the deal. Stuart Prebble, chief executive of ITV, said last night that the deal was "good news for satellite viewers", who will be able to watch ITV1 and ITV2 with digital quality pictures and full programme information. ITV debut on digital satellite television took....   Quite a while.

- ITV made its long-awaited debut on digital satellite television last night after an agreement with BSkyB that followed months of negotiations. Until now ITV has been available in digital form only on cable and digital terrestrial TV. But from last night the digital version of ITV1, with its 16 regional variations, was available on Sky Digital. The ITV2 channel will follow in the next few days and will be available for the first time in the 5.5 million homes with digital satellite - an increase of more than 150 per cent on its current audience. The deal between ITV and BSkyB, in which the News Corporation, parent company of The Times, has a 36.3 per cent stake, should give an advertising revenue boost to Granada and Carlton, the two main ITV companies. Advertisers were angered by the fact that ITV was not carried on Sky Digital, the country's most popular digital platform. ITV will pay BSkyB about £13 million a year under the deal. Stuart Prebble, chief executive of ITV, said last night that the deal was "good news for satellite viewers", who will be able to watch ITV1 and ITV2 with digital quality pictures and full programme information. Stuart Prebble said that the deal was.....   Attractive for satellite viewers.

- ITV made its long-awaited debut on digital satellite television last night after an agreement with BSkyB that followed months of negotiations. Until now ITV has been available in digital form only on cable and digital terrestrial TV. But from last night the digital version of ITV1, with its 16 regional variations, was available on Sky Digital. The ITV2 channel will follow in the next few days and will be available for the first time in the 5.5 million homes with digital satellite - an increase of more than 150 per cent on its current audience. The deal between ITV and BSkyB, in which the News Corporation, parent company of The Times, has a 36.3 per cent stake, should give an advertising revenue boost to Granada and Carlton, the two main ITV companies. Advertisers were angered by the fact that ITV was not carried on Sky Digital, the country's most popular digital platform. ITV will pay BSkyB about £13 million a year under the deal. Stuart Prebble, chief executive of ITV, said last night that the deal was "good news for satellite viewers", who will be able to watch ITV1 and ITV2 with digital quality pictures and full programme information. "Revenue" is another word for.....   Income.

- ITV made its long-awaited debut on digital satellite television last night after an agreement with BSkyB that followed months of negotiations. Until now ITV has been available in digital form only on cable and digital terrestrial TV. But from last night the digital version of ITV1, with its 16 regional variations, was available on Sky Digital. The ITV2 channel will follow in the next few days and will be available for the first time in the 5.5 million homes with digital satellite - an increase of more than 150 per cent on its current audience. The deal between ITV and BSkyB, in which the News Corporation, parent company of The Times, has a 36.3 per cent stake, should give an advertising revenue boost to Granada and Carlton, the two main ITV companies. Advertisers were angered by the fact that ITV was not carried on Sky Digital, the country's most popular digital platform. ITV will pay BSkyB about £13 million a year under the deal. Stuart Prebble, chief executive of ITV, said last night that the deal was "good news for satellite viewers", who will be able to watch ITV1 and ITV2 with digital quality pictures and full programme information. Its current audience will ..... by 150%.   Go up.

- ITV made its long-awaited debut on digital satellite television last night after an agreement with BSkyB that followed months of negotiations. Until now ITV has been available in digital form only on cable and digital terrestrial TV. But from last night the digital version of ITV1, with its 16 regional variations, was available on Sky Digital. The ITV2 channel will follow in the next few days and will be available for the first time in the 5.5 million homes with digital satellite - an increase of more than 150 per cent on its current audience. The deal between ITV and BSkyB, in which the News Corporation, parent company of The Times, has a 36.3 per cent stake, should give an advertising revenue boost to Granada and Carlton, the two main ITV companies. Advertisers were angered by the fact that ITV was not carried on Sky Digital, the country's most popular digital platform. ITV will pay BSkyB about £13 million a year under the deal. Stuart Prebble, chief executive of ITV, said last night that the deal was "good news for satellite viewers", who will be able to watch ITV1 and ITV2 with digital quality pictures and full programme information. "Under the deal" means.....   In compliance with the deal.

- Ivan Michael Blackstock, a choreographer from south London, never stops moving and is passionate about his active approach to dance. "Whether I'm thinking about a performance or making music or picking up a paintbrush - that's dancing," he says. Now, however, he is questioning perceptions of black masculinity. After working on Beyoncé's visual album Black Is King, a journey through Black identity and the global African diaspora, his new show, Traplord, presents the streets of south London as the perfect stage to explore the stereotyping of Black men in western society. (Adapted from The Guardian, 17th February 2022)
 
Ivan Michael Blackstock is   a passionate artist whose work addresses sociocultural issues

- I've asked the waiter for the bill but he hasn't brought it ....   Yet.

- I've never .... a design like this before.   Seen.

- I've never .... anything like it before.   Seen.

- I've seen the restaurant but I haven't ... there.   eaten

- I----------------------you that the goods you ordered are now ready for dispatch.   Am writing to inform