- Data is no less a form of common property than oil or soil. We make data together, and we make it meaningful together, but its value is currently captured by the companies that own it. We find ourselves in the position of a colonized country, our resources extracted to fill faraway pockets. Wealth that belongs to the many - wealth that could help feed and educate people - is used to enrich the few. The solution is to take up the template of resource nationalism, and nationalize our data reserves. This is not as abstract as it sounds. (The Guardian, March 14 2018; adapted)
 
"take up" in this context means   adopt

- Data is no less a form of common property than oil or soil. We make data together, and we make it meaningful together, but its value is currently captured by the companies that own it. We find ourselves in the position of a colonized country, our resources extracted to fill faraway pockets. Wealth that belongs to the many - wealth that could help feed and educate people - is used to enrich the few. The solution is to follow the model of resource nationalism, and nationalize our data reserves. This is not as abstract as it sounds. (The Guardian, March 14, 2018; adapted)
 
Data   is comparable with other common resources

- Dave Eggers, prize winning author of Zeitoun, now gives us a disturbing view of a potential future, which is a little too close for comfort. The Circle is a powerful tech company, which reflects the customary technology companies of our times. It promotes transparency and introduces small cameras called "See Change" that can be placed unobtrusively, everywhere, so that injustice can be captured, commented on, and then transmitted back to the Circle. (Adpated from The Guardian, March 2010)
 
"customary technology companies" in this context means   typical examples of technological firms

- Dave Eggers, prize winning author of Zeitoun, now gives us a disturbing view of a potential future, which is a little too close for comfort. The Circle is a powerful tech company, which reflects the quintessential technology companies of our times. It promotes transparency and introduces small cameras called "See Change" that can be placed unobtrusively everywhere, so that injustice can be captured, commented on, and then transmitted back to the Circle. "See Change" is a technology that   enables hidden observation everywhere

- Despite the chaos of lockdown, by the end of 2020 overall sales of print books in the UK were up 5% year-on-year, according to industry watchers Nielsen BookScan. Fiction did particularly well - adult fiction increased 8% in volume terms, with 147 million books sold. So too did children's books, up 7%, to 109 million books. Overall, the British public spent £1.8 billion on 202 million print books. Digital sales soared, ebooks growing 16% and audiobook sales 21% year on year. (The Guardian, Dec 11 2021; adapted)
 
Statistics shows that in 2020:   sales of books followed a healthy upwards trend

- Despite the chaos of lockdown, by the end of 2020 overall sales of print books in the UK were up 5% year-on-year, according to industry watchers Nielsen BookScan. More particularly, fiction did extremely well - adult fiction increased 8% in volume terms, with 147 million books sold. So too did children's books, up 7%, to 109 million books. Overall, the British public spent £1.8 billion on 202 million print books. Digital sales soared, ebooks growing 16% and audiobook sales 21% year on year. (The Guardian, Dec 11 2021; adapted)
 
"soared" in this context means   went up quickly

- Did you ... television last night?   watch

- Did you agree to take .... the job?   On.

- Did you know that Tom has been hanging out with Steve?   Sapevi che Tom frequenta Steve?

- Digital technology is essential for a student's university studies and future career projects. By integrating digital technology into the classroom, teachers can therefore prepare younger students for the complex problems they will encounter in higher education courses, and how to solve them. For example, teachers can create a more active learning space using digital tools as well as encourage a dynamic classroom interaction where textbooks become digitized with lots of links to review course materials. Digital technology can also facilitate communication with students and their families. (Adapted from Edutopia, 5 November 2007)
 
Using digital technology   is a key skill for today's university students

- Discovery Inc. and Warner Media are expected to complete their megamerger as soon as Friday afternoon, adding a new colossus to the entertainment industry. The two companies will combine television, movie and news operations, forming one of the biggest media companies in the country, with a profit of nearly $50 billion. The decision by AT&T, WarnerMedia's parent company, to merge its entertainment division with Discovery - in a deal announced in May - will be felt throughout the media world in the months to come. (Adapted from The New York Times, 7 April 2022)
 
According to the text, the merger of Discovery Inc. and Warner Media   will soon give life to another giant media company

- Do you ....... time to go to the store for me?   have

- Do you drink a ....... of tea with sugar?   lot

- Do you like French? Yes, I ____   do

- Do you really enjoy .... that sort of music?   Listening to.

- Do you think Mike will have completed the report _______the end of the week?   by

- Do you want me to ... it easier for you?   make

- Does anyone honestly ... what a politician says nowadays?   believe

- Does anyone honestly _________ what a politician says nowadays?   believe

- Does she play the piano? Yes, she ....   Does.

- Does your brother really believe ____ flying saucers?   in

- Does your brother really believe ____ flying saucers?   In

- Don't be so _____! He was only joking. He doesn't really think that you are stupid.   sensitive

- Don't expect him to be _____________ to your problems. It's not in his nature. He has no interest in others.   sympathetic

- Don't forget ______ me if you need to change the time of our meeting.   to contact

- Don't speak too fast. I can't understand ____ you are talking about.   what

- Don't try to use that lamp. It ____.   doesn't work

- Don't' worry: age doesn't really matter _______________you're willing to learn.   as long as

- Downsizing is certainly .... cruel.   Rather.

- Dr Katie Gilligan-Lee of the University of Surrey is the author of a recently published report about becoming brilliant in mathematics. Based on 29 studies involving almost 4,000 children, the report concludes that in-class physical activities that train spatial reasoning are the most effective way for young people to raise their maths performance. They comprise paper folding, building with blocks, and solving three-dimensional puzzles. They are more effective than computer- based training or workbook activities, getting older kids to help younger ones, and other parental and school interventions. (The Guardian, March 22 2022; adapted)
 
To improve performance in maths, Dr Gilligan-Lee suggests   training spatial reasoning in multiple physical activities

- Driving is a fast and comfortable way to get to work unless you are ______ in a traffic jam.   caught

- Drunken behaviour is ________ the most common form of antisocial behaviour experienced in Britain.   by far

- Dublin is where you need to go to if you wish to celebrate James Joyce's Ulysses. You can follow the same route taken by the protagonist Leopold Bloom on 16 June 1904 by looking for the fourteen brass plaques laid in the pavement in 1988, which will help you find traces of the protagonist's journey at lunchtime. Although many of the buildings and businesses mentioned in the novel have changed, the streets are still more or less the same. (Adapted from The Guardian Feb 2, 2022)
 
In Dublin, fourteen brass plaques in the pavement   mark the walk taken by Leopold Bloom

- Dublin is where you need to go to if you wish to celebrate James Joyce's Ulysses. You can follow the same route taken by the protagonist Leopold Bloom on 16 June 1904, by looking for the fourteen brass plaques laid in the pavement in 1988, which will help you find traces of the protagonist's journey at lunchtime. Although many of the buildings and businesses mentioned in the novel have changed, the streets are still more or less the same. (Adapted from The Guardian Feb 2, 2022)
 
In this context, "traces" are   visible signs

- During the fourteen days cruise, seven days will be spent ... sea, and seven in port   at

- During the fourteen days cruise, seven days will be spent ____ sea, and seven in port.   at

- Dyscalculia is a difficulty in understanding numbers, which can complicate how children learn mathematics - and there is probably a child in your class who has it. The condition is present in pupils of all ages and abilities and is thought to occur in 3 to 6 per cent of the population. This means an average of about 1.4 children in every class of 30. However, unlike with some other learning difficulties, such as dyslexia, research into dyscalculia is still relatively scarce. (Tes Magazine, Feb 4 2022; adapted)
 
According to the text, dyscalculia is   a relatively frequent learning difficulty that is not studied as much as dyslexia